https://www.journals.anstar.edu.pl/index.php/sti <p class="v1gmail-isSelectedEnd"><em>Science, Technology and Innovation</em> (STI) is an international, multidisciplinary, open-access journal publishing scientifically rigorous research across diverse scientific and technological disciplines. The journal welcomes original, applied, interdisciplinary, and replication studies, as well as research reporting negative, null, or inconclusive results, regardless of perceived novelty or expected impact.</p> <p class="v1gmail-isSelectedEnd">STI promotes interdisciplinary dialogue and facilitates the exchange of knowledge and the identification of connections across research fields. Manuscripts are evaluated primarily on methodological rigor, transparency, reproducibility, appropriate data analysis and interpretation, and the validity of the conclusions. Novelty or positive results are not prerequisites for publication.</p> <p>The journal is committed to the highest standards of research integrity and publication ethics and to responsible scholarly publishing.</p> Akademia Tarnowska (University of Applied Sciences in Tarnow, Poland) en-US Science, Technology and Innovation 2544-9125 https://www.journals.anstar.edu.pl/index.php/sti/article/view/704 <p>The article presents the author’s reflections on the early stage of development of expert diagnostic systems for electrical machines in Poland, covering the 1990s and the first years of the 21st century. The study has a review character and discusses selected issues related to diagnostic testing practices. The examples included in the text illustrate the specificity of measurements and situations encountered during the assessment of machine technical condition, highlighting the context in which diagnostic methods evolved during that period.</p> Janusz Petryna Copyright (c) 2026 Janusz Petryna https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0 2026-09-30 2026-09-30 26 3 20 27 10.55225/sti.704 https://www.journals.anstar.edu.pl/index.php/sti/article/view/718 <p>This publication presents the results of the assessment of the tendency to form deposits in the combustion chamber of fuel determined by the TGA FLTM BZ-154-01 method for commercial motor gasolines with a research octane number (RON) 95, 100 and 98, produced by Polish leading fuel producers, in the context of changing the quality parameters resulting from aging of fuel, specified by the subject standard for motor gasoline EN 228: 2013-04 such as density, distillation, vapour pressure, induction period and the content of unwashed gums. Aging of commercial motor gasolines, containing ethanol and/or ethers (MTBE, ETBE) available at Polish fuel stations, with a minimum research octane number 95, 100 and 98 for a period of four months under the assumed conditions, did not increase their tendency to form deposits in the combustion chamber of the engine, determined by the TGA FLTM BZ-154-01 method. However, the aging of gasolines was accompanied by a change (deterioration) of other properties important from the point of view of the consumer, e.g. density, vapour pressure, gums content and distillation parameters.</p> Łukasz Jęczmionek Zygmunt Burnus Wojciech Krasodomski Copyright (c) 2026 Łukasz Jęczmionek, Zygmunt Burnus, Wojciech Krasodomski https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0 2026-09-30 2026-09-30 26 3 1 11 10.55225/sti.718 https://www.journals.anstar.edu.pl/index.php/sti/article/view/756 <p>The importance of slag in metallurgy means that issues related to its physicochemical properties and the processes of its formation and movement on the surface of liquid metal are the subject of numerous studies. Two institutes of the Łukasiewicz Research Network have begun collaborating on observing the movement of slag on the metal surfaces using thermal imaging. The results obtained using this method will be used to improve numerical and physical models and optimize metallurgical processes. Initial tests of observing the movement of slag based on recording the change in the position of markers floating on the slag surface with a thermal imaging camera were performed in a laboratory electric arc furnace.</p> Mariusz Borecki Radosław Zybała Mateusz Dudek Grzegorz Krawiec Copyright (c) 2026 Mariusz Borecki, Radosław Zybała, Mateusz Dudek, Grzegorz Krawiec https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0 2026-09-30 2026-09-30 26 3 12 19 10.55225/sti.756